Energy Efficiency in Other Country
1. Europe
Energy efficiency targets for 2020 and 2030.
The EU has set itself a 20% energy savings target by 2020
when compared to the projected use of energy in 2020 – roughly equivalent to
turning off 400 power stations. At an EU summit in October 2014, EU countries
agreed on a new energy efficiency target of 27% or greater by 2030. One
mechanism used to achieve the target of 27% is the 'Suppliers Obligations &
White Certificates'.ergy savings and energy efficiency for countries and cities.
2. Australia
The Australian national government is actively leading the
country in efforts to increase their energy efficiency, mainly through the
government’s Department of Industry and Science. In July 2009, the Council of
Australian Governments, which represents the individual states and territories
of Australia, agreed to a National Strategy on Energy Efficiency (NSEE).[31]
This is a ten-year plan accelerate the implementation of a
nationwide adoption of energy efficient practices and a preparation for the
country’s transformation into a low carbon future. There are several different
areas of energy use addressed within the NSEE. But, the chapter devoted to the
approach on energy efficiency that is to be adopted on a national level
stresses four points in achieving stated levels of energy efficiency. They are:
To help households and businesses transition to a low carbon
future
To streamline the adoption of efficient energy
To make buildings more energy efficient
For governments to work in partnership and lead the way to
energy efficiency
The overriding agreement that governs this strategy is the
National Partnership Agreement on Energy Efficiency.
This document also explains the role of both the
commonwealth and the individual states and territories in the NSEE, as well
provides for the creation of benchmarks and measurement devices which will
transparently show the nation’s progress in relation to the stated goals, and
addresses the need for funding of the strategy in order to enable it to move
forward.
3. Germany
Energy efficiency is central to energy policy in
Germany. As of late 2015, national policy includes the following efficiency
and consumption targets (with actual values for 2014):
Recent progress toward improved efficiency has been steady
aside from the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Some however believe energy
efficiency is still under-recognised in terms of its contribution to Germany's
energy transformation (or Energiewende).
Efforts to reduce final energy consumption in transport
sector have not been successful, with a growth of 1.7% between 2005–2014. This
growth is due to both road passenger and road freight transport. Both sectors
increased their overall distance travelled to record the highest figures ever
for Germany. Rebound effects played a significant role, both between improved
vehicle efficiency and the distance travelled, and between improved vehicle
efficiency and an increase in vehicle weights and engine power
On 3 December 2014, the German federal government released
its National Action Plan on Energy Efficiency (NAPE). The areas covered are the
energy efficiency of buildings, energy conservation for companies, consumer
energy efficiency, and transport energy efficiency. The policy contains both
immediate and forward-looking measures. The central short-term measures of NAPE
include the introduction of competitive tendering for energy efficiency, the
raising of funding for building renovation, the introduction of tax incentives
for efficiency measures in the building sector, and the setting up energy
efficiency networks together with business and industry. German industry is
expected to make a sizeable contribution.
On 12 August 2016, the German government released a green
paper on energy efficiency for public consultation (in German). It outlines the
potential challenges and actions needed to reduce energy consumption in Germany
over the coming decades. At the document's launch, economics and energy
minister Sigmar Gabriel said "we do not need to produce, store, transmit
and pay for the energy that we save".[40] The green paper prioritizes the
efficient use of energy as the "first" response and also outlines
opportunities for sector coupling, including using renewable power for heating
and transport.[40] Other proposals include a flexible energy tax which rises as
petrol prices fall, thereby incentivizing fuel conservation despite low oil
prices.
4. United States
A 2011 Energy Modeling Forum study covering the United
States examines how energy efficiency opportunities will shape future fuel and
electricity demand over the next several decades. The US economy is already set
to lower its energy and carbon intensity, but explicit policies will be
necessary to meet climate goals. These policies include: a carbon tax, mandated
standards for more efficient appliances, buildings and vehicles, and subsidies
or reductions in the upfront costs of new more energy efficient equipment.
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